Low- Purine Diet . Select option 1. UPMC is an equal opportunity employer. UPMC policy prohibits discrimination or harassment on the basis of race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, age, sex, genetics, sexual orientation, gender identity, marital status, familial status, disability, veteran status, or any other legally protected group status. Further, UPMC will continue to support and promote equal employment opportunity, human dignity, and racial, ethnic, and cultural diversity. This site, Low Purine Diet, will provide you with the newest knowledge about diets to reduce uric acid and avoid gout. Uric Acid - Gout Stages Get Control Of Your Gout Today- Gout Cure is the solution you have been looking for! 1) Uric Acid Crystals can take a long time (months or. This policy applies to admissions, employment, and access to and treatment in UPMC programs and activities. This commitment is made by UPMC in accordance with federal, state, and/or local laws and regulations. Medical information made available on UPMC. You should not rely entirely on this information for your health care needs. Ask your own doctor or health care provider any specific medical questions that you have. Further, UPMC. com is not a tool to be used in the case of an emergency. If an emergency arises, you should seek appropriate emergency medical services. UPMC Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Uric acid - Wikipedia. Uric acid. Crystals of urate in polarized light. Names. Systematic IUPAC name. Dihydro- 1. H- purine- 2,6,8(3. H)- trione. Other names. Trioxypurine; 2,6,8- Trihydroxypurine; 2,6,8- Trioxopurine; 1. H- Purine- 2,6,8- triol. Identifiers. 3DMet. B0. 00. 94. 15. 61. Ch. EBIChem. Spider. Drug. Bank. ECHA Info. Card. 10. 0. 0. 00. EC Number. 20. 0- 7. KEGGMe. SHUric+Acid. UNIIIn. Ch. I=1. S/C5. H4. N4. O3/c. 10- 3- 1- 2(7- 4(1. H,(H,9,1. 0)(H,7,8,1. NKey: DZGSAURIFGGOJK- UHFFFAOYSA- N NIn. Ch. I=1/C5. H4. N4. O3/c. 10- 3- 1- 2(7- 4(1. H4,6,7,8,9,1. 0,1. HKey: LEHOTFFKMJEONL- UHFFFAOYANOC1. Nc. 2nc(=O)nc. 2C(=O)N1. OC1. NC2=NC(=O)N=C2. C(=O)N1. Properties. C5. H4. N4. O3. Molar mass. High uric acid levels in the blood stream can lead to a common form of arthritis called gout. To prevent gout, it is essential to maintain good eating habits and have. Low uric acid or an excess of uric acid both have undesirable effects in the body. Low uric acid level also leads to oxidative stress in the body which can lead. Gout Diet Purine Diet Foods Low in Purines Foods to Avoid with Gout Low Purine Diet for Gout Purines & Gout Purine Content of Foods Gout Diet Sheet. It forms ions and salts known as urates and acid urates, such as ammonium acid urate. Uric acid is a product of the metabolic breakdown of purine nucleotides, and it is a normal component of urine. High blood concentrations of uric acid can lead to gout and are associated with other medical conditions including diabetes and the formation of ammonium acid urate kidney stones. Chemistry. As its second ionization is so weak, the full urate salts hydrolyze back to hydrogen urate salts at p. H values around neutral. It is aromatic because of conjugated pi bonding in both rings. As a bicyclic, heterocyclic purine derivative, uric acid does not protonate from an oxygen (. X- ray diffraction studies on the hydrogen urate ion in crystals of ammonium hydrogen urate, formed in vivo as gouty deposits, reveal that the keto oxygen in the 2 position of the purine structure (on the carbon between two nitrogens in the six- membered ring) exists as an OH group while the two flanking nitrogen atoms at the 1 and 3 positions share the ionic charge in the six- membered pi- resonance- stabilized ring. The five- membered ring also possesses a keto group (in the 8 position), flanked by two secondary amino groups (in the 7 and 9 positions), and deprotonation of one of these at high p. H could explain the p. K2 and behavior as a diprotic acid. Similar tautomeric rearrangement and pi- resonance stabilization would then give the ion some degree of stability. Calculations seem to indicate that in aqueous solution (and in the gas phase), the singly ionized form has no hydrogens on oxygens and lacks a hydrogen either on nitrogen 9 or on nitrogen 3, whereas the un- ionized uric acid has hydrogens on all four nitrogens. The uppermost NH on the five- membered ring is . All these salts exhibit greater solubility in hot water than cold, allowing for easy recrystallization. This low solubility is significant for the etiology of gout. The solubility of the acid and its salts in ethanol is very low or negligible. In ethanol/water mixtures, the solubilities are somewhere between the end values for pure ethanol and pure water. Solubility of urate salts (grams of water per gram of compound)Compound. Cold water. Boiling water. Uric acid. 15,0. 00. Ammonium hydrogen urate–1,6. Lithium hydrogen urate. Sodium hydrogen urate. Potassium hydrogen urate. Magnesium dihydrogen diurate. Calcium dihydrogen diurate. Disodium urate. 77—Dipotassium urate. Calcium urate. 1,5. Strontium urate. 4,3. Barium urate. 7,9. The figures given indicate what mass of water is required to dissolve a unit mass of compound indicated. The lower the number the more soluble the substance in the said solvent. Xanthine oxidase is a large enzyme whose active site consists of the metal molybdenum bound to sulfur and oxygen. In most other mammals, the enzymeuricase further oxidizes uric acid to allantoin. In humans, over half the antioxidant capacity of blood plasma comes from hydrogen urate ion. An individual can have serum values as high as 9. L and not have gout. This involves a complex metabolic pathway that is energetically costly in comparison to processing of other nitrogenous wastes such as urea (from urea cycle) or ammonia, but has the advantages of reducing water loss and preventing dehydration. Variants within a number of genes have so far been identified: SLC2. A9; ABCG2; SLC1. 7A1; SLC2. A1. 1; SLC2. 2A1. SLC1. 6A9; GCKR; LRRC1. A; and PDZK1. Uric acid concentrations in blood plasma above and below the normal range are known as, respectively, hyperuricemia and hypouricemia. Likewise, uric acid concentrations in urine above and below normal are known as hyperuricosuria and hypouricosuria. Uric acid levels in saliva may be associated with blood uric acid levels. Consumption of some types of purine- rich foods, particularly meat and seafood, increases gout risk. Today, inflammation during attacks is more commonly treated with NSAIDs, colchicine, or corticosteroids, and urate levels are managed with allopurinol. These uric acid stones are radiolucent and so do not appear on an abdominal plain X- ray. Low dietary zinc intakes cause lower uric acid levels. This effect can be even more pronounced in women taking oral contraceptive medication. Xanthine oxidase loses its function and gains ascorbase function when some of the iron atoms in xanthine oxidase are replaced with copper atoms. In such cases, people with high copper/iron can experience hypouricemia and vitamin C deficiency, resulting in oxidative damage. Biblio. Bazaar. Alderete (Nov 3. Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM. Monatshefte f. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. PMID 1. 55. 81. 57. K.; Bates, M. G.; Thompson, A. A.; Waring, W. S.; Partridge, R. W.; Schnopp, M. F.; Simpson, A.; Gulliver- Sloan, F.; Maxwell, S. R.; Webb, D. 1. 31 (5): 1. PMID 1. 74. 94. 79. Bibcode: 1. 97. 0Natur. P. PMID 5. 47. 70. J.; Thomason, H.; Sandler, D.; Leguen, C.; Baxter, M. A.; Thorpe, G. G.; Jones, A. F.; Barnett, A. European Journal of Clinical Investigation. PMID 9. 22. 92. 28. K.; Unger, S.; Richter, K.; et al. Der Internist (in German). PMID 1. 65. 86. 13. Nature Genetics. 4. PMID 1. 83. 27. 25. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. PMID 1. 88. 80. 76. Sodium and Potassium Secretion by Iguana Salt Glands. Iguanas: Biology and Conservation. University of California Press. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 5. Journal of Chemical Ecology. PMID 1. 88. 34. 62. Allison, David B., ed. PMC 2. 68. 39. 40 . PMID 1. 95. 03. 59. Nature Genetics. 4. PMC 3. 66. 37. 12 . PMID 2. 32. 63. 48. Nature Genetics. 4. PMID 1. 83. 27. 25. Pathology Harmony (UK). Retrieved 1. 3 August 2. Clinica Chimica Acta. PMID 2. 62. 76. 04. Suppl. 3): S1. 65–S1. PMID 1. 71. 30. 25. S–1. 24. 5S. PMID 1. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 2. Retrieved 1. 7 May 2. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. PMID 1. 71. 90. 30. PMID 1. 96. 92. 11. K.; Atkinson, K.; Karlson, E. W.; Willett, W.; Curhan, G. The New England Journal of Medicine. PMID 1. 50. 14. 18. Mayo Clinic. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. PMID 1. 18. 38. 88. UK National Health Service. Archived from the original on 4 March 2. Pharmacological Reviews. PMC 2. 23. 36. 05 . PMID 1. 65. 07. 88. T.; Nishino, T.; Pai, E. F.; Nishino, T. Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids. PMID 1. 86. 00. 55. Biosensors & Bioelectronics. PMID 1. 69. 08. 13. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences. PMID 1. 58. 04. 75. M.; Pareo, I.; Bentivenga, C.; Cicero, A. PMID 2. 51. 92. 80. P.; Strazzullo, P.; Farinaro, E.; Trevisan, M. Results from a population- based study. PMID 8. 31. 57. 80. J., Hofman A.; Witteman, J. Diabetes Care. 3. PMID 1. 79. 77. 93. Diabetology and Metabolic Syndrome. PMC 3. 35. 92. 72 . PMID 2. 24. 75. 65. The Journal of Pediatrics. PMID 2. 25. 75. 24. Nucleic Acids. 2. January 2. 01. 2. Retrieved 6 May 2. The Journal of Urology. PMID 1. 86. 35. 23. M.; King, J. C.; Margen, S. The Journal of Nutrition. PMID 9. 25. 76. 8. P.; Chasan- Taber, S.; Blair, A.; et al. Arthritis and Rheumatism. PMID 1. 56. 41. 04. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. PMID 3. 77. 70. 13.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
November 2017
Categories |